More Prosperous Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1344 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? It is bitter for me to think of those who sleep without a floor, but are thankful for the blanket they found on the side of the street, while others complain that the silk their butlers dressed their bed with is simply too inexpensive. One wakes up at the crack of dawn to pick apples for a farmer that only pays their mother five dollars a day. Another lays in bed on their brand new iPhone, waiting for their maid to make them breakfast. When the people of the United States bear witness to such great selfishness in the face of so much need, it creates an environment of anger and hurt. Why is it that those with the most contribute the least to society, and harm it in the greatest capacity? There are boys and girls in dirty clothes sitting on the sidewalk and begging for change as the top one percenters walk by carrying more in their wallet than the children will hold in their lives. This wealth divide is unnecessary and so incredibly harmful to those who have nothing, as their assets continue to be squandered and tucked away by those with too much to spend. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "More Prosperous Environment" essay for you Create order This is the reality of both ends of the wealth spectrum, with the top one percent making around $700,000 a year, and the bottom one percent earning anywhere from two to sixteen dollars a day, as shown by How Much Income Puts You in the Top 1%, 5%, 10%? written by Julia Kagan on Investopedia, and The Bottom 1% by Rebecca J. Rosen on The Atlantic. Those with nothing are forced to live a life undeniably distanced from the American Dream, while those with everything have the need for nothing but the want for more. While many countries have issues with wealth inequality, facts published on Inequality.org under Wealth Inequality in the United States reveal that The United States exhibits wider disparities of wealth between rich and poor than any other major developed nation. This gives even more reason for the focus to be on America, for if we can diminish the wealth gap here, it can be diminished everywhere. This issue of wealth inequality has been a focus of mine for nearly two decades, and after getting two doctorates from Harvard University, one in Wealth Inequality and another in The Study of the Spectrum, I feel prepared to involve myself with the solution. I have always been fascinated by this divide and eager to find a remedy, having been born into the bottom one percent and making my way into the top one percent by the age of 35, a sort of phenomena in the current day and age. I have experienced the entire spectrum, and I have seen the ramifications such great wealth or lack thereof has on people of all ages. I want to better the world, and I have prepared myself to do so concerning wealth inequality and its continuously widening gap. In an article published on Pew Research Center and entitled, Americas wealth gap between middle-income and upper-income families is widest on record Richard Fry and Rakesh Kochhar state that In 2013, the median wealth of the nations upper-income families ($639,400) was nearly seven times the median wealth of middle-income families ($96,500), the widest wealth gap seen in 30 years when the Federal Reserve began collecting these data. It is currently at an all time high, and this divide seems not to be lessening anytime soon. This is data for upper-income families as a whole, not just the top one percent, signifying the even greater gap between the one percent wings. Because those in the top one percent have so much and those in the bottom one percent have so little, the spectrum is stretched thinner than this report even demonstrates. The wealth gap in America is a pressing issue, and if not addressed and treated presently, its chance to be remedied may pass altogether. As a woman of great knowledge and power, please allow me to humbly propose my respectful plan to successfully minimize the wealth gap in the United States. I believe this is a problem easily fixed by shipping off the top and bottom one percent in terms of wealth. This immigration would occur in waves of one million, with a total of about 6.5 million residing in Africa by the completion of this mission. This would immediately shrink the wealth gap, for it is virtually cutting off both ends, but it would also allow for economic mobility and spread of wealth and resources. This is because 6.5 million people no longer need the resources that they once did, such as food, shelter, and money. The top one percent owns so much of Americas wealth, the entire population could reach a level of comfortable living if the wealth was distributed equally. Because Africas climate is changing so quickly and its population is drastically decreasing from fleeing citizens, there will be plenty of room for the new 6.5 million inhabitants that have no means of return and have lost all assets. I am in no means trying to adopt the persona of the infamous Polish leader, Anzelm Babinski. Whenever I think of him sending his top and bottom one percent to a giant fish tank filled with piranhas, I shriek in horror. A truly wicked man would have to come up with a plan as atrocious as that, and a truly wicked man Babinski is. His inhumanity seems too have come from a lack of education and care, both of which I have a bountiful supply. Let us move forward, as I begin to humbly explain why this plan would lessen wealth inequality in the United States. Firstly, the amount of homelessness would be all but eliminated on the streets of America. The distribution of wealth and newly available housing would allow for all to reside peacefully and work towards regaining their life, unless of course they prefer being homeless. Secondly, hunger would no longer plague the lower-income families, as the plentiful resources now available will be used to ensure that everyone is well fed and has enough nutrition to perform well in all tasks. Thirdly, the elimination of the wealthiest in our nation would leave room for new opportunities for those who may previously have never had the opportunity to make something of themselves. Jobs would be opened in abundance, and those that used to have to wait behind the people with the multi-thousand dollar watches would now have no line. Fourthly, this elimination of the top one percent would include Donald Trump, the current President of the United States who happens to have majored in Buffoonery. His absence would hurt none and benefit all, allowing the United States to regain its composure and act on matters that are truly important. While I could continue with the advantages my plan encompasses for hours, I will stop here for the sake of brevity. This is simply my proposal, but the remainder of my 1,000 page plan is being published shortly. I feel insulted when people offer suggestions for my plan, such as increasing savings for those with low and moderate incomes in America. They also suggest that the top 1 percent and especially the top 0.1 percent be taxed a higher amount, with that money given to those in the middle and lower class, for they are the people putting money back into the economy. These proposals could never work, and it is atrocious to even consider their ability to slowly heal the gap. As I write this I begin to reminisce on my times in America, for I have made my way to the top one percent, and will therefore be included in the immigration. Along with myself, my family continues to reside in the bottom one percent and will too be shipped off. My proposal is humble and selfless, for I have learned that the world does not improve through greed. I wish to make the world a better place, and through this plan it will finally become the American Dream that it has always been idealized as for everyone.

Just Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace

Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Marketplace. By Alexander Hill. IVP Academic; Revised edition (January 10, 2008), 276pp., $11.29 Paper. Chanel Mahone Alexander Hill’s Christian Ethics for the Marketplace in my view point focuses on ethics as it relates to business which also includes the Christian element. Hill outlines the scripturally grounded ethical structure of holiness, justice, and love for business practices. Hill also connects his Christian ethic to the dominant methods of ethical practice in the world of business. Lastly, Hill uses the analysis of case studies in lieu of his proposed Christian ethic. Although questions in regards to ethical behaviors remain conclusively unanswered, several find ethical structure valuable when dealing with difficult situations. Hill begins by suggesting holiness is a significant component of an ethical lifestyle. He debates that the meaning of holiness consists of four parts which include zeal for God, purity, accountabili ty, and humility. Hill writes, â€Å"The crucial point is that holiness is fundamentally about priorities. So long as a business is a means of honoring God rather than an end in itself, the concept of holiness is not violated.† (p. 25) In short, business involves more than a competition around the highest profits. Therefore when holiness is a priority of a businessman, the business is then reoriented around effectiveness for others and not solely around making money. Hill also points out thatShow MoreRelatedJust Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1575 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of view (Wikipedia 2014). Worldview includes, ontology, what we believe to be reality and epistemology, how we come to know reality. Hill’s identifies his worldview as theism. This is evidenced by the title of his book â€Å"Just Business-Christian Ethics for the Marketplace†. In this book he defines good as a balance of holiness, justice and love. If each of these is areas is met the decision is moral. Badaracco, in comparison, points out in his title â€Å"Leading Quietly-An Unorthodox Guide to DoingRead MoreJust Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1578 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of view (Wikipedia 2014). Worldview includes, ontology, what we believe to be reality and epistemology, how we come to know reality. Hill’s identifies his worldview as theism. This is evidenced by the title of his book â€Å"Just Business-Christian Ethics for the Marketplace†. In this book he defines good as a balance of holiness, justice and love. If each of these is areas is met the decision is moral. Badaracco, in comparison, points out in his title â€Å"Leading Quietly-An Unorthodox Guide to DoingRead MoreEthical Approaches Critique Paper1118 Words   |  5 PagesApproaches XXX XXXUniversity Instructor: XXX Course Name: XXX Date: XXX This paper summarizes each of ethical approaches, especially the Grand Principles, Nash’s Covenantal Business Ethic, Damon’s Four Dimensions of Business Morality, and Hill’s (2008) Christian Ethic for Business. Also, this paper critiques each of them through analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of approaches. Finally, the most favor approach is provided at the end. The Grand Principles which areRead MoreMarketing Management and Faith Integration Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesMarketing Management and Faith Integration There are many Bible verses that relate to business character. Many of them speak of honesty and integrity in business actions. Character is defined as the combination of a person’s ethical and moral qualities, and it is shown through the choices we make. Therefore, as a business owner or decision maker, one needs to consider the impacts the decision may have on others and the community and not be hasty in making the quick decision that may have negativeRead MoreThe Aspects Of Business Ethics1435 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of this semester, we have covers several aspects of business ethics. I will be covering Chapter 11, Diversity and Discrimination, to break down discrimination, equal opportunity, and affirmative action. I served in the military for 13 years, and there are regulations that pertain to these three topics. The Armed Forces is a very diverse organization, and all entities stress regulations and procedures when it comes to equal opportunity. 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Christian ethics ground the moral framework of her argument and extend responsibility onto the church community to address concerns of globalization. The materialist standpoint refers to the dualism in Christian ethics o f the physical and material experience of humans. That is to say that Peters has more concern for the spiritual effectsRead MoreTheories And Frameworks Of Csr1315 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, Edward Freeman (1984), proposed stakeholder theory and recognised it as an important element of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This theory states that an organisation owes a responsibility to a wider group of stakeholders, other than just shareholders. In order to succeed and be sustainable over time, executives must keep the interests of employees, customers, suppliers, communities and shareholders aligned and going in the same direction. (Freeman, E. R., 1984) Stakeholder theoryRead MoreBribery: Ethics and Business1767 Words   |  8 PagesBribery and corruption is a way of life in many countries. These practices affect the way international business is regularly conducted. However, in most of these countries, it is illegal to offer or receive bribes or engage in corrupt practices. Yet corrupt practices are a part of the ‘culture’ of ‘doing businesses. Unless companies ‘conform’ to such practices, in many cases, international business cannot be transacted. This essay will attempt to provide discussion about bribery and corruption inRead MoreIntegration Of Faith And Learning2141 Words   |  9 Pagesmillion each week (Target, 2016). The Christian worldview holds that one is to honor God by serving others. The scriptures in the Bible teach Christians to act out of kindness, to give unto others, and to treat others as they would like to be treated. Acts 20:35 â€Å"In everything I did, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words the Lord Jesus himself said: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive’† (NIV). Christians can serve others by reaching out to

Physiological Analysis of a Female Tennis Player - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Physiological Analysis of A Female Tennis Player? Answer: Introduction: This article deals with the Physiological Analysis Of A Female Tennis Player. Mac (a pseudonym) is a 15 year old female tennis player. She is rated among the top-5 national player in this year. She has been taking part in many national, international and pre-qualifying tournaments. This athlete undergoes a number of physiological assessments before an international level tournament. Different physiological test that this athlete has to satisfy includes body composition, sub maximal and peak oxygen uptake and the key variables associated with the maximal sprinting. The main problem that a tennis player often faces during the sports time is fall in Adenosine Tri-phosphate (ATP). This leads to the scarcity of energy causes a contraction in muscle. Therefore, this tennis player requires some energy systems in order to keep fit during the match time. Different energy systems that are required to replace ATP in the muscle are Anaerobic and Aerobic. Moreover, this anaerobic energy system ca n be classified into two categories: Alactic Phosphocreatine (This action lasts 0 -15 sec) and Lactic Anaerobic Glycolysis (This action lasts 15 -20 sec). The six essential fitness components that a tennis player required are aerobic fitness, flexibility, Strength, speed, body fat and agility. The characteristics of the player who is chosen for the sports physiological assessment is described now. The percentage of fat in the body of this player is 27.8%. The weight of the player is 56.3 kg. The height of the player is 157cm. The player is 15years old and the player is female (Ausport.gov.au, 2015). Analysis: The physiology of a sports person can be assessed by different test procedure. These tests are blood lactate testing, anthropometric testing, blood sample and handling, flexibility assessment, VO2 max testing and the last one is strength and power testing. To win in a sports match, the pre-requirement of a sports person is to keep active and faster throughout the match time. Every athletic wants to lose fat to keep fit all the time and for this they need to do regular exercise. However what particular exercise an athlete will do depends on the different characteristics of the athlete. The result of lactate testing helps the athlete to determine the appropriate exercise for them. It is better than the heart rate. The value of the lactate test supports the player to intensify its power and strength through appropriate training exercise. Lactate is produced by the muscle even at the leisure time. The amount of lactate increases with the intensity of the exercise. When this lactate value rose exponentially, this means that the exercise that the athlete is doing exceeds lactate threshold (LT). The lactate threshold value is 4.4 mmol/L of lactate. The breakdown of energy will be rapid above this level of LT whereas the athlete can retain its strengths and power up to one hour if the value of lactate in the blood sample remains below the above mentioned LT value. Since the athlete is a trained person already, therefore the normal value of LT generally fall between 70% and 80% of the max heart rate. The report of the lactate testing provides the reports that the amount of lactate in the blood sample 3.4 mmol/L and it is approx. 75% of the max heart rate. Lactate testing is also useful to rectify the intensity of interval training. The anthropometric test is used to measure the body size, composition and structure of the human body of a sportsperson. These factors are important for a sportsperson as any change in these factors may effects the performance of the sportspe rson. The winning condition of a sports person generally depends on the different characteristics of the body of a sportsperson. The body sizes for example whether the sports person is tall or short, the body composition for example whether the body is fatty or not matters significantly on the performance of the sports person. Body composition of a sports person can be tested using different test procedures like skin fold measurement, girth measurement, hydrodensitometry, bioelectric impedence etc(International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2015). Among these results, anthropometric test provides the accurate result. The result of this anthropometric test provides that height of the player is 157cm and the weight of the player is 56.3 kg. According to this result the percentage of the body fat is 27.8%. The main objective of a sports person is to keep fit all the time. The sports persons are often requested to keep a periodic logbook of the blood test. The blood test of an individual provides the overall health condition of that individual. The tennis player may get help from this blood sample during the design of its training and physiology time. The factors that are generally checked through the blood test are total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, inflammation, blood sugar, liver enzymes, kidney biomarkers, Vitamin D level, carbon-di-oxide level, blood count,folate,B12,DHEA,testosterone and different metabolic hormones like insulin, cortisol. The test results shows whether the person take appropriate food and medicines, whether the individual take enough leisure time, whether the training and exercise the individual does is appropriate for its health or not, whether the individual needs any change both in his food habit and exercise training programme(Labtestsonline.org, 2015). According to the result of blood test the total cholesterol is 180mg/dL, the triglycerides is 150mg/dL, HDL is 60mg/dL, blood sugar is 80mg/dL, creatinine is 0. 6mg/dL, chloride is 104mEq/L, bilirubin is 0.4mg/dL, AST is 30IU/L, alkaline phosphates is 130IU/L, albumin is 4.5g/dL. The fitness of a sportsperson is an important factor. The flexibility of a sports person can be determined using different methods. These methods can be classified again into two parts- Indirect method and direct method. The indirect method involves Sit and reaches test, V-sit test, Floor Touch test, Groin flexibility test, calf muscle flexibility test and trunk rotation test. On the other hand, direct test includes 90/90(AKE) hamstring test, straight Leg raise and Modified Thomas Test(Mackenzie, 2015). These test procedures are evaluated using Goniometer and Flexometer(Rhinofitness.ca, 2015). According to the flexibility test, the individual tennis player has fair flexibility. The VO2 of a sports person has been defined as the maximum amount of oxygen the person can intake at the time of doing exercise. The value of the VO2 max helps to determine the health condit ion of the person. High value of VO2 implies that the person has a good health condition. The VO2 of a person can be increased by more intense exercise. The VO2 of a sports person can be tested using 2.4km run test, Astrand Treadmill test, Astrand 6 minutes cycle test, Balke VO2 max test, Balke Incremental Treadmill protocol test, Wheelchair VO2 max test,VO2 max step test etc. According to the test result of VO2 max test procedures the VO2 of this female athlete is 3.5litre/minute. The performance of a sportsperson mostly depends on its speed and strength during the match time. Therefore it can be said that these two components are important component of the sports life of a tennis player. Different tests are performed to check the actual power and strength of the tennis player. Jumping and Running test, Throwing and hitting test are done to measure the muscular power. On the other hand, sprint test, cycling 40m sprint test, swimming 100m test, plate tapping test are used to check t he actual strength of the tennis player. According to the result of these power and strength test the tennis player has moderate strength and high power. Conclusion: The performance of a tennis player in a match depends mostly on the anthropometric characteristics of that player. Any difference in this characteristics leads to the variation in the performance when it is compared to the other persons. The anthropometric characteristics of an individual sports person can be defined as a study of the human body characteristics of that person relative to other person. This comparison is necessary to improve the performance of that particular tennis player. It is known that, how well the tennis player who is the subject of this case study performs in a match depends upon her physical fitness and strength and flexibility. The physical fitness and other components in turn depend on the condition of health of the player at that time, the height and weight of the player and also the percentage of the body fat. A survey was conducted to check the overall characteristics of the tennis player relative to other tennis player. From that survey report it can be observed that, the tennis player has relatively higher body fat than other players. Also the weight of the tennis player is more than other players. These relatively high weight and body fat affects her fitness and strength during the match time. The player has undergoes different physiological test. According to the results of that report, the player has moderate flexibility, speed and strength but these are still lower than those of other sports persons. Therefore it can be said that, to improve the performance of the tennis player she needs to reduce these gaps of anthropometric characteristics. For this improvement, a specific training programme is necessary which includes on-court drills, high intensity interval training, repeated sprint and control training. It is expected that, these training program will help her to increase his fitness and place her in a winning condition in any match(Sport-fitness-advisor.com, 2015). Introduction: The case study in this assignment deals with a 15 years old female tennis player Mac, ranked among the top 5 players of the year. The study focuses on the various physiological assessments she undergoes to take part in the international tournaments. The athlete is compared with 15 other athletes whose detailed physical characteristics is provided. Since, the athlete in the case study is preparing for participation in international sports events; she needs to have a standard health and very high level of physical fitness status. This study thus emphasize on the assessments of her physical fitness traits and providence of the necessary nutrition to ensure her possession of a good health. Considering the critical aspects as body fat, weight, height, age and gender of Mac, the relevant diet chart is provided for the athlete. In this section the diet and nutrition is analyzed and relevant information is provided. It is highly significant to ensure the consumption of a healthy and suitable diet for Mac, to optimize the sports performance of the athlete. As per the view of Hooda et al. (2014), diet is highly important to drive us towards consuming foods that can provide individuals with the necessary 6 essential nutrients. These include minerals, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins and water. Relevant variety of diet consumption ensures the required amount of nutrients for the individual that facilitate efficient health and weight management, an essential aspect for the athletes. Sufficient amount of carbohydrates and fat are very important for the athletes to achieve peak performance (Nutrition.org.uk, 2015). Correct amount of water consumption is also essential to avoid dehydration, muscle cramping and fatigue thus decreasing the risk of heat stroke. A diet retrieving 70% of the calories from carbohydrates is preferable. The adequate amount of fluid intake is a very important nutritional r equirement to improve performance (Better Health Channel, 2015). Analysis of the diet with respect to metabolic pathways involved The diet prescribed for the specific male athlete 35 years old, requires including the relevant amount of proteins, carbohydrates and mineral proportions to ensure the availability of sufficient energy for delivering a good performance. As stated by ((Better Health Channel, 2015)), the healthy diet not only provides the necessary nutrients but also helps in preventing adverse health effects as well. The 7 days diet chart provided in the current study for the male athlete highlights the high intake of calories by the individual which is subsequently balanced through a gap of a day with lower calorie intake. As conveyed by (Cengage.com, 2015) (), the high energy requirement for the athletes can be considered as the reason for prescribing such high calorie consuming diet for him. She can therefore benefit from this diet by acquiring sufficient energy to perform well in his sports event. However, at the same time the diet chart shows relevant exercise routines are suggested for specified hours of time to balance the energy intake. The exercise routine includes swimming, weight training, running and cycling. The diet shows a limited intake of protein consumption for the athlete. The fats, protein and CHO intake of the individual seems restricted. It is beneficial for the athlete as higher protein intake can prove detrimental for the individual (Endmemo.com, 2015). Higher rate of kidney problems are evident with persons consuming excess proteins. Balanced fluid intake is evident through the diet chart that helps the athletes to prevent the high risk of dehydration to which they are exposed extensively. The fluid intake of the concerned 35 years old male athlete seems to be sufficiently appropriate in regards to his energy expense. The fluid need for an individual is related to the energy expenditure of the person. Consumption of fluids in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 ml is considered optimal (Extension.iastate.edu, 2015). The diet chart shows the fluid consumption of the male athlete within this range. Therefore, it is clear that the diet is efficient to drive the athlete towards a healthy lif estyle. Research conducted by (Insel, Turner and Ross, 2007), highlighted the issues associated with the foods containing high carbohydrate contents. There are many food items that are considered to be highly nutritious. However, consumption of such food products can prove beneficial to some people while it may prove highly detrimental to the other persons. The exact timing of the consumption of the food is highly important. As asserted by (Men's Fitness, 2015), many foods are of such property that acts as beneficial when taken at a particular time while acts detrimental when consumed at another time. Consideration of such foods and preparing the diet chart accordingly is highly essential. Therefore, the current diet chart for the athlete needs to be implemented exactly with strict follow up of the time of food consumption to achieve maximum beneficial result for the person. (0 however, argue that consideration of the composition of the food stuffs is most important to ensure a highly releva nt and beneficial diet and nutrition for an athlete. The training aspects highlighted in the diet chart given in the study are necessary to be considered deeply. As per the opinion of, (Pearsonhighered.com, 2015) the training is vital for ensuring a continuous fitness of the athlete, which is the most significant criteria for any sportsperson. The training methods highlighted in this diet chart for the 35 years old male athlete comprising of cycling, front crawl swimming, running, etc are quiet appropriate to meet the objective of expending the required amount of energy and achieving the preferred level of fitness. However, at the same time, there is always the risk of developing genetic deficiencies or infections from the environment or other people around (Services.cengage.com, 2015). This diet chart lacks the aspect of going for a health check up regularly at fixed time intervals. It may lead to the problem of acquiring disease that have minimum or no appearing symptoms in the initial stages but cause serious detriments to health later on. The individual needs to access a thorough health check up at regular intervals to ensure the early identification of any disease or risk to any concerning infection or disease. It will not only help him to maintain a good health status but also avoid several potential dangers to his health. Implications for appraisal and programming for training modification to avail and utilize nutrient substrates Nutrition and training are highly interconnected. Best adaptation to the demands of repeated training session requires a proper diet which can maintain muscle energy reserves. As nutrient stores play the most important role in the performance of athlete, it helps them to perform prolonged intense exercise and also in refill of energy for further exercises. Programming with respect to utilization of nutrition is to plan or prepare a diet chart by the trainer for all athletes who will make sure that the entire athlete people must get a proper diet so that they can intensely perform their prolonged exercise and they can also have enough energy to perform further exercise. A diet plan for athletes includes all the necessary nutrients which are provided to them at particular times. The more the athletes are trained more availability of nutrient substrate are required so a planned programming is a very crucial part in training process, so that all the athletes could get a proper and comple te diet . a balanced meal comprises of mostly carbohydrates which we get from the grains, vegetable, fruits etc . it consist of few serving of protein , milk and meat has a high amount of protein, most meals which are served have less oil and fat . Many meals are in form of fluid like milk, water or juice. As more training is provided to the athlete more nutrient availability is also important. So programming and appraisal is an important factor as it will supply complete amount of nutrient to the entire athlete. Appraisal of performance can be done by analyzing the athlete body weight, nutrient deficiency etc so by documenting each player deficiency of nutrient as well as each athlete daily energy consumption due to the exercise can give an complete idea of the amount of nutrient which is to be supplied to the athlete in his/ her meals so that the player can replenish the energy consumed. And even a budget plan of the complete can be done with the help of complete documentation, that if an athlete is deficient of carbohydrate then his meals will be rich in carbohydrate. To overcome the deficiency, similarly there may be some players who are allergic to specific food such as lactate intolerance so they can be supplied with meats in meals so that they get enough amount of protein. So im plementing appraisal and programming with a proper health details chart of the player can help in improving the availability and utilization of nutrient. Second is appointing nutritionist to monitor that are the players getting sufficient nutrition. Monitoring the programme will increase the efficacy of the training. Thus this programming will enhance the complete dietary program. Change in dietary intake will also alter the concentration of hormones and blood borne nutrient this will in turn regulate a short-term macronutrient oxidative as well as the storage of skeletal muscle. These are the two ways of improving dietary plans(Time-to-run.com, 2015). Application of practical analysis of energy intake and expense of the concerned individual on other athletes: Although tennis plays is a very popular racket game .male tennis player usually have a significantly high energy intake than the female Mac being a tennis player had higher intakes of energy in comparison to male control i.e. 14.5% higher than control males, with respect to protein 21.2% higher intake than female, fat (18.9%), carbohydrate (18.9%), iron (14.3%), zinc(2.5%). Even the RDA% is higher in tennis player than control with regards to fat, iron, protein. However the intake of energy was comparable in case of female. The distribution of energy percentage which was derived from the macronutrient is significantly high in case of tennis players carbohydrates form 58-60% of the complete energy intake, fats which contributes 29% and proteins contributes 12- 13%.Thus in Mac s case he is not prescribed with high amount of proteins and carbohydrates. According the food diet chart Mac was having 1200ml of fluid a day(Shirley Gerrior, 2006). Energy expenditure Tennis is generally considered an irregular sport, that comprise short periods of (4 - 10 s) of action interspersed with small active revival durations of (10 - 20) and it also comprises of long passive healing bouts of (60 - 90 s). However sometimes matches can even last for more than 3 hours but actual time of match is only 15% of the total match. Predictable energy expenditure throughout tennis play for between 1-5+ h for men can range from 2.72 0.44 MJ to 13.58 2.19 MJ that is (649 kcal 105 to 3244 kcal 524). Thus from the above analysis some improvements like including protein in the diet chart can give a better result to others. Energy balance that is the relation between the energy expenditure and energy intake is a crucial concept for health of human. Weight plays a very crucial role in energy intake and energy expenditure. Body morphology that is if the athlete is overweight there will be increase in energy intake as well as there will be reduction in energy expenditure(Shirley Gerrior, 2006). Summary and conclusion: Here the sport chosen is tennis. Mac is a tennis player who is 56.3kg and his height is 157cm and he is playing football from last 15 years. The performance of a sportsperson completely depends on the strength and speed of the athlete. Numerous test are performed for Mac and resulted as follows, the flexibility test resulted in as fair flexibility. Mac has gone through anthropometric test also provides accurate result. In the second part analysis of the diet is done with the respect of metabolic pathways which is involved in complete utilization of variety of nutrient. And it highlighted the following areas through which analysis was done that are energy balance, carbohydrate, proteins, fats intake, and appropriate fluid intake. And according to all such the tennis player had a balanced fluid intake and fewer intakes of carbohydrates. It also highlighted the importance of implication of programming and appraisal which would help in utilization of substrate nutrient. Lastly it gave an idea about the interrelationship of energy intake and energy expenditure in human biology. References Ausport.gov.au, (2015).Sports Coach :: What Every Coach Should Know About Energy Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.ausport.gov.au/sportscoachmag/sports_sciences/what_every_coach_should_know_about_energy_systems [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Better Health Channel, (2015).Sporting performance and food - Better Health Channel. [online] Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Sporting_performance_and_food?open [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Cengage.com, (2015).Diet Analysis Plus - Digital Course Support | Cengage Learning. [online] Available at: https://www.cengage.com/tlconnect/client/product/findProduct.do?productId=31 [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Diet, 1., Eating?, T., Foods, T., Know, 5. and Workouts, H. (2015).Calorie Calculator | ACTIVE. [online] ACTIVE.com. Available at: https://www.active.com/fitness/calculators/calories [Accessed 6 Aug. 2015]. Diet, 1., Eating?, T., Foods, T., Know, 5. and Workouts, H. (2015).Calorie Calculator | ACTIVE. [online] ACTIVE.com. 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Managing Human Resources Employees Motivation

Question: Discuss about theManaging Human Resourcesfor Employees Motivation. Answer: Introduction A companys overall success depends on employees motivation to work. An employee with the high level of motivation delivers high performance. Also, every worker wants their efforts to be recognised. Mc Donalds Corporation, which is recognised as largest fast food restaurant implements various strategies to motivate and retain its employees such as rewards and recognition scheme. In the context of the given case study, the essay discusses how the recognition scheme supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders. It also discusses the theories supporting this scheme. The essay further highlights that why this recognition scheme cannot be applied to the workers in the non-profit organisation. Mc Donald develops its future leaders with its strong culture. It has built a culture of focusing on people through recognition scheme. The high return on investment is due to its investment in people which is reflected in the high quality customer service, better run operations, cleanliness and quality product (Bartlomiejczuk, 2015). This culture is supported by the recognition scheme of McDonald. It is this power of recognition that helped the company to win outstanding achievers award at the corporate level. The company conducts formal annual events as well as develop programs that operate at both corporate and restaurant level. The company has the program for recognising its crew members for their best performance. The employees with significant contribution are nominated by the senior managers and are in turn approved by the senior management team. Employees are motivated by formally recognising them in from of their peers at the bi-annual staff meeting. The employees are awarde d gift voucher of $500 or are recognised as the employee of the month (Karin et al., 2014). Thus, this recognition scheme supports the companys strong recognition culture. This recognition scheme according to L?z?roiu (2015) is fresh and exciting. Introducing appealing schemes for employees the key to maximising the employee's motivation. Azeem (2016), stated that the employee of the month scheme introduce by McDonald into itsOlympic Champion Crew (OCC) initiative has won Most motivational benefits at the Employee Benefits Awards 2013. It can be argued that the recognition scheme is supporting the companys culture that is underpinned by strategies People, products, place, price and promotion. When the employees are appreciated they perform beyond what is expected of them and in turn becomes more productive. Consequently, it may decrease the staff turnover and increase their retention. This scheme attracts future leaders because the employees feel that their hard work is valued. Moreover, this tiny act does not cost huge but give lasting impact such as the increase in staff morale, loyalty, and build supportive work environment (Shields et al., 2015). B ased on the survey conducted on the managers of McDonald, it was found that most of them feel that there are favourable career opportunities and hence support the training and development programs. The culture in McDonalds is highly prevalent as an extrinsic element for creating the motivating work environment for the employees (Emerson Prang, 2016). Hence, such policies and scheme promote a strong team spirit which helps in attracting and maintaining a pool of potential leaders. However, there is also a flipside to this recognition scheme. According to Emerson and Prang (2016), there is a risk of allegation and favouritism when the management selects an employee for recognition. Azeem (2016), argued that this scheme may lead to fractions and discords within the workforce. It has negative implications if members of the same family work together in a company. That may lead to interpersonal conflicts breaking the company's strong culture. Further, by limiting the employee recognition to one occurrence per year may stifle the willingness of the employees to continuously strive for excellence. Also, the lack of funds may turn the employee recognition scheme unproductive. For example, an employee who has managed to increase the number of customer in the store and maximised the productivity does not deserve a simple computer generated the certificate or $500 which the employee end up spending too soon. Therefore, cash is not always the best idea. Instead, the recog nition program should be fair about the potential in each employee and must be based on the job duties. Bartlomiejczuk (2015), suggested team wise or group rewards are better than the individual rewards for building strong team spirit. Though the rewards scheme allows deciding the pay package for the employees, it is not prudent, and it should come during the performance review time else it may cause dissension among the employees. McDonalds recognition scheme can be supported by the Expectancy theory. According to Purvis et al. (2015), the expectancy theory or the process theory proposes that the work motivation depends on the association between the performance and the outcomes. An employee thus modifies his or her behaviour based on the anticipated outcomes circulated in the company. It means that if a person is performing to a particular level, it is because of the leaders in the workplace who has created motivational programs. According to the Expectancy theory, an individual is motivated due to three variables including "expectancy, instrumentality and valence" (Miner, 2015). Expectancy refers to the belief that performance will increase with increased effort. Instrumentality refers to the belief that valued outcome can be achieved by performing well. Valance refers to the value that individual places on the expected outcome (Bridger, 2014). Thus, if an employee is expecting and believes that his desires will be fulfilled in the form of reward, then it is sure to improve his motivation. Therefore, the expectancy theory is the foundation for the leaders to build the better understanding of ways to motivate the subordinates (Nadolny Ryan, 2015). Bartlomiejczuk (2015) argued that this theory is the process theory of motivation because it is due to the personal expectation that emphasises the staffs perception of the environment which consequently leads to subsequent interactions. An advantage of expectancy theory is that it is not about the self-interest in recognition and rewards rather about the associations made by the people towards expected outcome and the contributions they are willing to make towards that outcome. Therefore, this theory supports the recognition scheme of McDonalds. However, expectancy theory may not always support the recognition scheme. The theory assumes that it is the conscious choices among the alternatives with the purpose to minimise the pain and maximise the pleasure that gives rise to the particular behaviour (Povod et al., 2016). This assumption was argued by many authors. Since the theory works on perceptions, it may not imply for every individual. It is not necessary that every individual will perceive the benefits to be enough for their motivation (Bang et al., 2012). For example, if an individual places the high value on money, then it is highly likely that the individual is motivated by monetary benefits. In such case, offering any other rewards to that person may not motivate him or her. Therefore, other offers given during recognition such as additional holidays, $500 or just a trophy may not satisfy the individual. Some of the researchers have argued that monetary rewards may increase extrinsic motivation where rewards are cont rolled by the external source. However, it may decrease the intrinsic motivation which naturally flows from the interesting work itself. McDonalds recognition scheme can also be supported by Adams equity theory. According to this theory a fair balance should strike between the employee's input and output to enhance work motivation. Input refers to employees hard work, skills, efforts whereas output refers to rewards and recognition (Al-Zawahreh Al-Madi, 2012). An employee is motivated if efforts given in the work are justified through benefits given by McDonald's. However, it may not always happen in an organisation. The perception of the employee and the mangers may not be same. For example, If McDonalds offer $500 to an employee it may not be justified if the staff member has worked hard enough to be paid more than this amount. An employee maybe demotivated if his ratio of input and output is less than the ratio of other employees giving same effort. It may appear as unfair treatment of the workers and their efforts causing demotivation ad burnout. Thus, this theory of motivation is applicable if McDonalds emphasis es on fairness that is the ratio of input and output rather than just recognising the performance. The McDonalds approach to management of human resources may not be directly applicable to the not-for-profit organisations such as Spastic Centre. The primary challenge for the leaders and managers in not-for-profit organisations include raising financial resources (Bang et al., 2012). These organisations implement the range of tactics for fundraising. The workers in this sector compete with those in profitable organisations but with financial incentives constraints. These organisations, therefore, recruit individuals who are highly motivated and excel in their performance. The individuals recruited are high qualified and are not dependent on monetary benefits. Their motivation is thus based on nonmonetary and humane goals. In the non-profit organisation, Hackman and Oldhamsjob characteristics model is dominant (Akingbola, 2013). It means that a workers motivation for the job is higher if it includes responsibility for the outcome of work, job meaningfulness, andawareness. The main i ntrinsic motivation for the work is job meaningfulness. The leaders thus motivate the workers using tools such as confidence, autonomy, and achievement. This refers to McGregors motivationTheory Y (?ahin, 2012). This is in contradiction with the rewards and recognition scheme followed by McDonald's and is deemed necessary for employee motivation. In the non-profit organisation, employees are self-motivated thus an external source of motivation is not necessary when compared to employees in for-profit organisation. This also refers to the stewardship theory of unquantifiable intrinsic motivation (Miner, 2015). The culture in the non-profit organisation is prevalent as a concept of empathy and association. In these organisations, there exist a relationship of loyalty, integrity, morale, and aspirations. Thus, there is a difference in the approaches of human resource management of the profit and the non-profit organisation. The former uses the external source to motivate employees whereas the later uses tools to strengthen inner motivation to work. There is a difference in the attitude of the workers in both types of organisation. In the non-profit organisation, the workers have the high level of social commitment, and the motivation is rooted in their altruistic attitudes. This attitude stems from the value based perspectives (Park Word, 2012). Therefore, McDonalds approach to employee motivation cannot be directly applied here as it gives external rewards whereas the pattern of motivation in non-profit employees is different. They do not tend to deliver high performance or gain greater satisfaction when offered external rewards. For them, the mission is an incentive and the vision and values of the organisation itself influence the level of motivation among the non-profit employee s (Akingbola, 2013). Agency theory is applicable in some non-profit organisations. This theory focuses on the stakeholders of the organisation and their divergent goals and interests. These interests and goals are aligned using employee compensation. This theory is relevant in compensation design. This theory refers to a system in the organisation where one or more individuals called principals hire agents for performing certain tasks and delegating decision making authority (Bernstein et al., 2016). It is advantageous because it explains different level of obedience. It leads to Agentic state since the agents work more when the orders are given with more authority. Thus it causes an agent to sometime work against their will which may affect the motivation. However, some non-profit organisations are offering their agents an incentive contracts. The agents payment depends on the value of the outcome for the principal. The outcomes of the agents are measurable, quantifiable and observable. The incentive is designed by the principal if the agent exhibit loyalty and honesty at work which in turn motivate others agents, to tell the truth (Van et al., 2016). The research findings showed that employee motivation is an essential factor irrespective of the type of organisation. It can be concluded that though profit and non-profit organisations have distinctions, both sectors needs to emphasise on their service mission to attract and retain employees who value the unique rewards offered for working in these sectors. However, organisations like McDonald's need to devise ways to capitalise on the employees distinctive desire for advancement. On the other hand, the not-for-profit organisations must come up with creative ways to be flexible with volunteers motivation and their commitment. References Akingbola, K. (2013). A model of strategic nonprofit human resource management.Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,24(1), 214-240. Al-Zawahreh, A., Al-Madi, F. (2012). The utility of equity theory in enhancing organizational effectiveness.European journal of economics, finance and administrative sciences,46, 158-170. Azeem, S. (2016). Drivers of Employee Motivation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 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